Объект исследования: объект диссертационной работы - язык средств массовой информации.
Предмет исследования: нормативный, коммуникативный и этический аспекты культуры речи языка СМИ.
Цель исследования: исследование культуры речи в средствах массовой информации в нормативном, коммуникативном и этическом аспектах.
Методы исследования: метод лингвистического описания, метод семантикостилистического анализа, метод компонентного анализа, метод текстового анализа, сравнительный метод, метод акустического анализа (радио и телевидение), анкетирование.
Полученные результаты и их новизна: впервые язык СМИ ( газеты, телевидения и радио) исследован в качестве объекта монографического исследования в нормативном, коммуникативном и этическом аспектах культуры речи; определены принципы изучения в языковедении вопросов языка и культуры речи СМИ; раскрыта современная концепция культуры речи; показано своеобразие проявления культуры речи в языке СМИ; проанализированы особенности языка СМИ; раскрыта национальная специфика языка СМИ; изучены социо-психолингвистические и функционально-коммуникативные качества языка газеты; определена экпрессивность языка газеты и ее рече-культурная оценка; проанализирован язык газеты, телевидения и радио в аспекте культуры речи; освещены особенности языка телевидения и радио, его экспрессивность и речекультурная оценка; проанализирован нормативный аспект культуры речи в СМИ; исследован коммуникативный аспект культуры речи СМИ; освещена этический аспект культуры речи в СМИ; раскрыта взаимосвязь аспектов культуры речи СМИ.
Практическое значение: материалы исследования могут быть использованы при проведении занятий по общему и узбекскому языкознанию, культуре речи, стилистике, риторике, журналистике, социолингвистики, психолингвистике, при написании диссертаций, монографии, учебников, учебных пособий.
Степень внедрения: результаты и материалы исследования внедрены в практику преподования курсов «Язык и стиль СМИ», «Язык и стиль прессы», «Язык электронных СМИ», «Основы риторики и ораторское исскуство», «Коммуникативное качество», «Основы культуры речи» и спец.курса «Язык СМИ как средство манипулирование общественного сознания» на факультете международной журналистики Узбекского государственного университета мировых языков, а также на кафедре узбекского языкознания (направление культура речи и ораторское исскуство) Национального университета Узбекистана.
Область применения: общее и узбекское языкознание, стилистика, социолингвистика, психолингвистика, культура речи, ораторское искусство.
As it is known, the social status of occupation in the communication is determined, compared to the
participants-curry, relationship status, position and role in the family. Speech communication is an important tool for providing information about the social status of the participants. For example, the speech units selected by the owner, the speech etiquette forms can transport information about the social status of the speaker. In particular, the participants' concluding remarks in the life of society are received great attention in the communication culture of Uzbekistan. In this article deixis theory in linguistics, deixis of the social condition, its representatives are discussed. In communication gestural units they are mainly used to express participants' social condition. The social status of linguistics in the speech of the participants of the dialogue is pointed as social deixis, we used terminology of social condition deixis. After all, the social status (social further status) of speech participants is provided in terms of social deixis. The speech units that
express social status deixis not only explain speaker and social condition of other participants, but also inform about its subjective evaluation. Linguistic and also extralinguistic units are used to make deixis of social status in the Uzbek language. Language units of deixis of social status language include pronouns, contact units, social lexic units and some supplements. Personal pronoun organize complicated deictic character as a tool to form of social status and person's deixis. They indicate participants of the speech which makes clear individual's deixis and determine social status deixis via showing their relations and
social factors in the same time. Supplement -s which indicates grammar meaning of possession, personal
suffixes, respect does a task of clarifying social status deixis too. Also, one of active language units that could explain speech participants' social status is reference units. Reference units' have a special duty of not only grabbing attention of listener in the speech, but also defining social relationship between speech participants. Communication units are actively used as a tool of indicating speech participants' social status in our speech. Even spelling name incorrectly to the listener indicates disrespectfulness, lowness of listener's social status or using words that mean relativity with strangers’ services as a respect. In speech deictic points which have social symbol are used in lexical field too. This include socially specialized lexic units. In
the conversion of speech participants practicing certain field's representatives' special words, slangs indicate that they are in a one group and they are socially equal. Character (right) which was formed by human's job, position, adorenes identifies not only that person's duty (responsibility), but also his position along communicative act. Overall, in Uzbek language expression units of the social condition deixis are various, therefore when each of them are analysed deeply they could obviously give intriguing informations about not only pragmalinguistics, but also sociolinguistics of Uzbek linguistics' researches
According to the World Health Organization, in recent years there has been an increase in the incidence of acute respiratory viral infection. In this regard, the attention of pediatricians and otolaryngologists is attracted by acute stenosing -laryngotracheitis (ASLT). According to the data of many years of research, the number of patients with ASLT ranges from 0.1 to 0.4% of all children hospitalized with a diagnosis of acute respiratory viral infection. The development of stenosing laryngotracheitis in acute respiratory viral infection (AR.VI) dramatically aggravates the condition of sick children, and sometimes the life of a child depends on its attachment to the underlying disease.
Since the first days of independence , large-scale reforms have been consistently implemented in our country in order to improve the quality of medical care for the population . Thus, effective medical care for children ensured timely detection, early diagnosis and treatment of patients with ASLT, which made it possible to reduce the duration of their treatment in the hospital by 3-4 days.
Despite numerous scientific studies devoted to the study of the patterns of the infectious process in stenosing laryngotracheitis, the role of dysbiocenosis of the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract, the process of endogenous intoxication (El), which develops as a result of illness in children and its relationship with the course of the disease, as well as the state of the system of local and general immunity dictate the need to improve the methods of their correction in the light of modern requirements. At the same time, the causes of recurrence of acute stenosing laryngotracheitis have not been fully determined; an important task is to develop prognostic criteria for assessing the outcomes of OSLT.
Given the dissertation research to a certain extent serves to solve the problems provided for in the resolutions of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PP-2133 dated February 19, 2014 “On the State Program" The Year of a Healthy Child ’’and No. PP-2221 dated August 1, 2014 “On the State Program for Further Strengthening reproductive health of the population, protection of the health of mothers, children and adolescents in Uzbekistan for the period 2014-2018”, as well as in other legal documents adopted in this area.
Scientific research aimed at improving the methods of complex diagnostics, treatment and prevention of stenosing laryngotracheitis in children was carried out in many leading medical centers, such as the Schneider Children's Medical Center (Israel), Giessen University Hospital (Germany), St. Mary's Children's Clinic (Germany), Center of Innovative Medicine Interbalkan (Greece), Generale Clinic (Switzerland), Royal Clinic (Great Britain), Queens Medical Center (Great Britain), IDIBAPS Clinic (Spain), St. Luke's Hospital (Japan), Federal Scientific and Clinical Center of Otorhinolaryngology FMBA of Russia (Russia) , as well as the Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute and the Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center for Pediatrics (Uzbekistan).
As a result of the studies, criteria for assessing the risk of occurrence and recurrent course of OSLT were developed, the mechanisms that determine the sensitivity of the respiratory tract were identified (Freiburg Clinic, Germany); established endocrine dysfunction in children with primary and recurrent acute stenosing laryngotracheitis (Children's Hospital, Ireland); the influence of the composition of the microflora of the main loci of the body, connective tissue dysplasia, regulatory systems on the function of external respiration, the formation of threshold sensitivity and reactivity of the respiratory tract in children with recurrent stenosing laryngotracheitis (RSLT) was proved (Melbourne University, Australia).
At present, the goal of many studies in the world is to further determine at the immunomolecular level the role of specific and non-specific factors of immune protection in the pathogenesis of acute stenosing laryngotracheitis; assessment of the state of non-specific protection during OSLT; study of significant changes in the cellular link of immunity, changes in T-suppressors and partially B-lymphocytes; as well as the prevention of relapses and the improvement of methods for diagnosing and treating the disease.
As the analysis of special literature showed, a number of researchers studied the role of the allergic component and the autonomic nervous system in the pathogenesis of the development of primary and recurrent OSLT. According to the results obtained, more than 90% of sick children in the pathogenesis of primary and recurrent acute stenosing laryngotracheitis is dominated by allergic component with the identification of common and allergen-specific IgE . In addition, it has been proven that the development of OSLT in parainfluenza infection is associated with a significant increase in IgE titer and specific IgA in nasopharyngeal secretions in children with ARVI. The mechanisms of OSLT recurrence based on a significant change in the immunological reactivity of the body, which are associated with its allergization by both infectious and non-infectious agents, including adverse environmental, seasonal, meteorological and even social conditions, have been studied. It has been proven that OSLT proceeds with vegetative disorders, which, in turn, have a significant impact on the course and outcome of the underlying disease. An improved treatment of OSLT at the height of the disease is proposed, based on the use of drags, taking into account the type of initial vegetative tone of the body.
Despite numerous works devoted to the study of acute stenosing laryngotracheitis, its diagnosis and methods of treatment, the trend towards an increase in the recurrence of the disease persists, which dictates the need to study the general patterns of the infectious process in stenosing laryngotracheitis, assess the significance of the microbiocenosis of the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract, disorders of the immune and interferon statuses and development of ways to correct them, predict the disease on the basis of a prognostic map, as well as improve the effectiveness of treatment and preventive measures.
Мақолада тилшуносларнинг доимо диққат марказида бўлган нутқ маданияти масалалари, замонавий нутқ маданияти аспектлари атрофлича назарий жиҳатдан таҳлилга тортилган.Учта муҳим тушунча ватан, тил ва маданият буларсиз тараққий этган мамлакатда яшовчи халқ бирлигини тасаввур қилиб бўлмайди. Жаҳон тилшунослиги тилни ўрганиш борасида уни ёпиқ тизим эмас, балки ҳаракатдаги тизим сифатида, яъни жамият, тафаккур, маданият, сиёсат, мафкура, дин каби соҳалар билан боғлиқ тарзда ўрганиш лозимлигини кўрсатди. Тил ҳақидаги фаннинг турли соҳалар билан боғланиши унинг янгидан-янги хусусиятларини кашф этишда кенг имкониятларни очиб беради. Нутқ маданияти таълимоти тилнинг адабий ва адабий бўлмаган шакллари, статик ва динамик ҳолати, унинг функционал турлари ҳақидаги қарашларнинг яратилиши билан бирликда ривожланиб борди. Нутқ маданиятининг замонавий концепцияси – меъёрийлик, коммуникативлик, аҳлоқий принципи ва риторик канон маданий нутқнинг асосий хусусияти бўлиб, уларнинг бари тилнинг сайқаллашуви ва ривожланишида жуда муҳим роль ўйнайди. Нутқни маданий кўринишда такдим этиш учун зарур тил воситаларини танлаш ва қўллаш кўникмаларини ишлаб чиқиш, уларга нисбатан онгли муносабатни шакллантириш, белгиланган меъёрларга риоя қилиш талаб этилади